Vitalik Buterin introduces Circle STARKs, a new cryptographic protocol that enhances efficiency and speed by using smaller fields, addressing the limitations of traditional STARKs.
Points
- Circle STARKs offer increased computing efficiency and speed.
- Smaller fields used in Circle STARKs result in notable performance improvements.
- The protocol reduces computational barriers for attackers, enhancing security.
- Circle FRI is fundamental in preserving the integrity of the cryptographic system.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has unveiled Circle STARKs, a new cryptographic protocol designed to enhance computing efficiency and speed by utilizing smaller fields. This innovation addresses the limitations of traditional STARKs （Scalable Transparent ARguments of Knowledge）, which, while safe, often suffer from inefficiencies due to their reliance on 256-bit fields.
Enhanced Efficiency and Speed
Circle STARKs improve upon traditional STARKs by employing smaller fields, resulting in significant performance gains. For instance, Buterin noted that on an M3 laptop, Circle STARKs can verify up to 620,000 Poseidon2 hashes per second, showcasing a notable advance in speed and efficiency.
Overcoming Security Challenges
Traditional STARKs face challenges due to the large number of potential values that attackers can exploit. Circle STARKs mitigate this issue by performing several random checks and applying extension fields. This approach expands the set of data from which attackers must guess, creating a computationally impractical barrier for fraudulent activities.
Buterin emphasized the importance of this enhancement:
“With STARKs over smaller fields, we have a problem: there are only about two billion possible values of x to choose from, and so an attacker wanting to make a fake proof need only try two billion times—a lot of work, but quite doable for a determined attacker!”
Circle FRI’s Role
A critical component of Circle STARKs is the Fast Reed-Solomon Interactive Oracle Proofs of Proximity （Circle FRI）. This element ensures that non-polynomial inputs fail the proof, thereby maintaining the integrity of the cryptographic system. Circle STARKs utilize this new mathematical framework to offer additional adaptability and efficiency in processing performance.
###解説
- The introduction of Circle STARKs represents a significant advancement in cryptographic protocols, focusing on improving efficiency and speed while maintaining robust security.
- The use of smaller fields in Circle STARKs addresses the inefficiencies associated with traditional STARKs, offering substantial performance improvements.
- By increasing the computational barriers for attackers, Circle STARKs enhance the security and reliability of cryptographic systems.
- The integration of Circle FRI underscores the importance of innovative mathematical frameworks in preserving the integrity of cryptographic proofs.
- Vitalik Buterin’s continued contributions to cryptographic research and development highlight the ongoing evolution of blockchain technology and its applications.